Zilliqa is a Layer 1 blockchain that was one of the first to implement sharding for scalability, launched by researchers from the National University of Singapore. The platform uses network sharding to divide the mining network into smaller groups (shards) that process transactions in parallel, increasing throughput as the network grows. Zilliqa uses a hybrid consensus mechanism combining Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (pBFT) for finality within shards and proof-of-work for shard assignment and Sybil resistance. The blockchain introduced Scilla, a functional smart contract language designed with formal verification in mind to prevent common vulnerabilities. Zilliqa 2.0 introduced EVM compatibility and an x-shards architecture for improved cross-shard communication. The ecosystem includes DeFi applications, NFT marketplaces, gaming projects, and enterprise solutions.
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