Nokia Corporation is a Finnish multinational telecommunications and technology company with origins dating back to 1865, when Fredrik Idestam established a pulp mill in the town of Nokia, Finland. The company evolved through rubber and cable manufacturing before entering the telecommunications industry in the 1960s. Nokia rose to global dominance in mobile phones during the late 1990s and 2000s, becoming the world's largest mobile phone manufacturer and producing iconic devices like the Nokia 3310, known for its legendary durability. At its peak, Nokia commanded over 40% of the global mobile phone market. However, the company was slow to adapt to the smartphone revolution led by Apple's iPhone and Google's Android, and its partnership with Microsoft on Windows Phone failed to reverse its decline. Nokia sold its mobile phone business to Microsoft in 2014 and refocused on telecommunications infrastructure, becoming a major provider of 5G networking equipment alongside Ericsson and Huawei. The Nokia brand in smartphones was licensed to HMD Global in 2016, which produces Android-based Nokia phones. Nokia's current business focuses on mobile networks, fixed networks, cloud and network services, and technology licensing. The company holds an extensive patent portfolio, particularly in wireless communications standards. Nokia Bell Labs, the company's research arm, has a storied history of innovation including contributions to the transistor and the Unix operating system.
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