IOTA is a distributed ledger technology designed for the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem, using a directed acyclic graph (DAG) structure called the Tangle instead of a traditional blockchain. The platform enables feeless microtransactions and secure data transfer between machines and devices. IOTA was founded in 2015 by David Sonstebo, Sergey Ivancheglo, Dominik Schiener, and Serguei Popov. The project has undergone significant evolution, with IOTA 2.0 introducing a fully decentralized consensus mechanism (removing the earlier centralized Coordinator). The platform focuses on enterprise and IoT use cases including supply chain management, digital identity, smart cities, and industrial automation. The IOTA Foundation has established partnerships with entities in the European Union for digital identity frameworks and smart mobility projects. The Shimmer network serves as a staging network for IOTA innovations.
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