Novartis AG is a Swiss multinational pharmaceutical corporation, one of the largest in the world by revenue and market capitalization. The company was formed in 1996 through the merger of Ciba-Geigy and Sandoz, two Swiss pharmaceutical giants with histories dating back to the 19th century. Headquartered in Basel, Switzerland, Novartis focuses on innovative medicines across several therapeutic areas including oncology, immunology, neuroscience, cardiovascular, and ophthalmology. Key products in its portfolio include Entresto for heart failure, Cosentyx for autoimmune conditions, Kisqali for breast cancer, and Zolgensma, a groundbreaking gene therapy for spinal muscular atrophy. The company has undergone significant strategic transformation in recent years, spinning off its generics division Sandoz as an independent company in 2023 to focus purely on innovative pharmaceuticals. Novartis also divested its eye care division Alcon in 2019 and sold its consumer health joint venture stake to GSK. The company employs over 100,000 people and operates research and development facilities across the globe. Novartis invests approximately $9 billion annually in R&D and maintains one of the industry's deepest pharmaceutical pipelines, with a strong emphasis on advanced therapy platforms including radioligand therapy and RNA therapeutics.
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